Bruneian Youths’ Perspectives on the Effectiveness of Branding Colour Choice in Radio Televisyen Brunei’s Social Media

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35307/saltel.v9i2.187

Keywords:

Youths, Perception, Effectiveness, Brand, Colour, Brand Values, Social Media, Engagement

Abstract

Colour is an integral visual communication tool that affects emotional responses, perception, and influences consumer behaviour. In branding, colour can be used to showcase brand identity and drive engagement in social media platforms. The research aims to analyse Bruneian youths’ perception of how effective branding colour choices are in communicating brand values and enhancing youths’ engagement in RTB’s social media. The research employed a mixed-method approach via a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Data were collected from 194 youths and 7 participants were interviewed. Quantitative data were analysed via descriptive statistics and linear regression, whereas qualitative data were thematically analysed. The findings from quantitative data revealed yellow as having the highest mean in communicating brand values, and that attitude towards branding colour choice significantly predicts youths’ engagement on social media. Results from qualitative data showed varying perceptions of branding colour choice due to association of emotions and prior experience. The findings contribute insights into how  branding colour can be strategically developed to align with RTB’s brand values and drive social media engagement. However, the study noted several limitations, including only examining RTB’s main social media (@rtb.bn). Future recommendations consist of exploring multimodal approach, expanding sampling size and participants’ demographic to further understand effectiveness of branding colour.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Amal Mustapa, Universiti Teknologi Brunei

A communication student at the Centre for Communication, Teaching, and Learning (CCTL), at Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei. Her research interests include Communication, Public Relations, Digital Communication, Corporate Communication, Visual Communication, and Psychology. Email: amal.nzirah@gmail.com 

Syahirah Suhaili , Universiti Teknologi Brunei

A Lecturer Centre for Communication, Teaching, and Learning (CCTL), Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei. Her research interests include Communication, Pedagogy, and Educational Development. Email: syahirah.suhaili@utb.edu.bn

References

Adeniran, A. (2025). Understanding Cronbach’s Alpha in Social and Management Studies.

Current Science Research Bulletin 2(2), 11–16. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388876460_Understanding_Cronbach's_Alpha_in_Social_and_Management_Studies

Agarwal, G., & Poojary, K. (2025). PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF COLOUR ON

MOOD AND BEHAVIOUR. In EXPLORING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR, PERCEPTION, AND WELL-BEING IN MODERN ENVIRONMENTS (pp. 23–33). Books Arcade. https://www.booksarcade.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Exploring-the-Psychological-and-Cultural-Influences-on-Human-Behavior-Perception-and-Well-Being-in-Modern-Environments.pdf

Agrawal, Ms. N., & Singh, Mr. S. (2017). Role of Product Colour in Consumer Behaviour.

IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 33-38. https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Conf.17001-2017/Volume-1/6.%2033-38.pdf

Alkaff, A. (2025). Branding strategy in Brunei Darussalam. In Economic Research Institute

for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) (No. 35). https://www.eria.org/uploads/branding-strategy-in-brunei-darussalam.pdf/

Arıcı, B. N., & Akgün, V. Ö. (2025). Use of color in marketing communication and the

importance of colors. Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences, 15(1), 29-50

https://www.jocress.com/dergi/use-of-color-in-marketing-communication-and-the-importance-of-colors20250405113914.pdf

Carson, D., Chu, W., Evans, S., & Goldman, A. (2021). Understanding the Effectiveness of

User Interface Design on Facebook Among College Students. https://images-production.authory.com/DevinCarson/a706844c-588f-43f1-8795-c4b25f1a4fe5/bcd5cea0-1201-11ee-9fed-d960ecb30bc3.pdf

Carson S. T., Lysander W. F., & Elowen B. H. (2024). The Semiotic Role of Color in

Alcoholic Beverage Packaging and Its Advertising Synergy. Journal of Linguistics and Communication Studies, 3(3), 14–21. https://www.pioneerpublisher.com/JLCS/article/view/907

Chan, J. T. (2020). SNOWBALL SAMPLING AND SAMPLE SELECTION IN A SOCIAL

NETWORK. Advances in Econometrics, 42, 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0731-905320200000042008

Chandra, A. S., Abdurrahman, E. S., & Fathoni, R. N. (2025). The influence of color in

graphic design to increase the effectiveness of health product advertising on social media. Proceeding of the International Conference on Art, Design, and Visual Communication, 1(1), 18-23. Asosiasi Seni Desain dan Komunikasi Visual Indonesia. https://prosiding.asdkvi.or.id/index.php/ICADVC/article/view/10/10

Chang, W.-L., & Lin, H.-L. (2010). The impact of color traits on corporate branding. African

Journal of Business Management, 4(15), 3344-3355. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228370451_The_impact_of_color_traits_on_corporate_branding

Cunningham, M. K. (2017). The Value of Color Research in Brand Strategy. Open Journal of

Social Sciences, 05(12), 186–196. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2017.512014

Datta, D. (2021). Incorporating the semiotic approach into brand iconicity to establish unique

value proposition. MANTHAN: Journal of Commerce and Management, 8(Special Issue), 72–91. https://www.journalpressindia.com/siteadmin/upload_paper/1660380943_5_Incorporating%20the%20Semiotic_Debraj_72-91.pdf

Davies, S. R., Wells, R., Zollo, F., & Roche, J. (2024). Unpacking social media

`engagement’: a practice theory approach to science on social media. Journal of Science Communication, 23(06). https://doi.org/10.22323/2.23060402

Dewanti, D. (2023). Semiotic analysis of Ferdinand de Saussure’s structuralism on “Energen

Green Bean” advertisement. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4487450

Dingliwal, U., & Gupta, D. (2023). Colours in Branding: Creating Brand Identity and

Influencing Consumer Perception. Ramanujan International Journal of Business and Research, 8, 11–25. https://doi.org/10.51245/rijbr.v8i2.2023.1134

Duarte, A., Zuffa, M., & Ashofteh, A. (2026). BRAND IMPACT ON THE PERCEPTION

OF COLOURS AND ARCHETYPES. VISUAL Review. International Visual Culture Review / Revista Internacional de Cultura, 18(1), 35–69. https://doi.org/10.62161/revvisual.v18.5967

Gupta, J., Rao, S., Rakhi, R., & Padmashree, P. (2025). The Psychology of Color in

Marketing: How Visual Elements Affect Consumer Perception. Journal of Marketing

& Social Research, 2(3), 128–133. https://jmsr-online.com/article/the-psychology-of-color-in-marketing-how-visual-elements-affect-consumer-perception-142/

Hanif, N. H. (2025). Semiotic analysis of signifiers and signifieds in social media

advertisements: Brand identity and consumer perception. PANOPTICON: Journal of English Studies, 3(1), 20–33. https://openjournal.unpam.ac.id/index.php/PNP/article/view/45827

Hiratsuka, T. (2025). The volunteer participation paradox: Ethical tensions between self-

selection and targeted sampling. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 100206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2025.100206

Hunjet, A., & Vuk, S. (2017). The Psychological Impact of Colors in Marketing. Vallis

Aurea (Journal of Sustainable Development and Innovation), 3(2), 42–54. https://doi.org/10.2507/ijva.3.2.4.37

Information Department. (n.d.). The Brunei Darussalam State Flag. Information Department

Prime Minister’s Office. https://www.information.gov.bn/SitePages/The%20Brunei%20Darussalam%20State%20Flag.aspx

Information Department [Jabatan Penerangan]. (2022). Bendera dan Lagu Kebangsaan

Negara Brunei Darussalam [The Brunei Darussalam State Flag and National Anthem]. Jabatan Perdana Menteri. https://www.information.gov.bn/Publication%20listsPDF/Kebangsaan/BUKU_BENDERA_BRUNEI_FINAL.pdf

Jindal, T., Sinha, R. K., Mukherjee, S., Mandal, S. N., & Karmakar, D. (2014).

Misinterpretation of the international prostate symptom score questionnaire by Indian patients. Indian Journal of Urology: Journal of the Urological Society of India, 30(3), 252. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-1591.134246

Jindal, A. (2024a). The Influence of Colour on Social Media User Behaviour and Designing

Engagement. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 12922–12926. https://doi.org/10.53555/ajbr.v27i4s.6499

Jindal, A., & Dhobley, M. (2024b). Colour Dynamics and Their Role in Enhancing Social

Media Experiences. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 11(3). https://ijrar.org/papers/IJRAR24C1102.pdf

Kakembo, A. A. (2025). Psychology of Color: Its Influence on Marketing and Design.

Eurasian Experiment Journal of Arts and Management (EEJAM), 7(2),9–12.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/389166935_Psychology_of_Color_Its_Influence_on_Marketing_and_Design

Khan, S. U., & Matali, H. N. B. H. (2024). Social media marketing and business performance

in Brunei Darussalam amid COVID-19 crisis. ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development, 41(1). https://doi.org/10.61931/2224-9028.1556

Kim, N. L., Shin, D. C., & Kim, G. (2021). Determinants of consumer attitudes and re-

purchase intentions toward direct-to-consumer (DTC) brands. Fashion and Textiles, 8(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-020-00224-7

Krowinska, A., & Dineva, D. (2025). The role and forms of social media branded content

driving active customer engagement behaviours. Journal of Marketing Management, 41(9–10), 1030–1060. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.2025.2544808

Kolehmainen, S. (2025). Colour semiotics of food product packaging as a tool for brand

image formation [Master's thesis, University of Oulu]. Oulu University Repository. https://oulurepo.oulu.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/59726/nbnfioulu-202512107249.pdf?sequence=1

Lee, J., & Hong, I. B. (2016). Predicting positive user responses to social media advertising:

The roles of emotional appeal, informativeness, and creativity. International Journal of Information Management, 36(3), 360-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.01.001

Li, X., & Sun, C. (2015). A study on the Core Values of the Brand. Journal of Service Science and

Management, 08(06), 868–873. https://doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2015.86087

Lucky, A. (2025). The psychology of color in branding and marketing. Newport International

Journal of Research in Education (NIJRE), 5(2), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.59298/nijre/2025/525865

Luelfesmann, E., & Marie Riegel, N. (2022). Competent Blue and Exciting Red Examining

the Effect of Logo Colors on Consumers’ Brand Attitudes in different Product

Categories [Master Thesis, Copenhagen Business School]. https://research-api.cbs.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/76437886/1423731_Master_Thesis_FINAL.pdf

Lunardo, R., Saintives, C., & Chaney, D. (2021). Food packaging and the color red: How

negative cognitive associations influence feelings of guilt. Journal of Business Research, 134, 589-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.05.052

Lyu, H. (2025). A Study of the Role of Color in Visual Communication in the Digital

Perspective. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 25(1), 352-357.

https://www.maajournal.com/index.php/maa/article/download/1436/1166/5862

Matusin, M., Padilla-Valdez, N. & Mumin, M.A. (2025). Audience Insights on Unhealthy F&B

Advertisements via Cultivation Theory: A Visual Communication Study. SALTeL Journal (Southeast Asia Language Teaching and Learning) 8 (1), 19-38. https://doi.org/10.35307/saltel.v8i1.135

McCombes, S. (2023, June 22). Sampling Methods | Types, Techniques & Examples.

Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/sampling-methods/#:~:text=Probability%20sampling%20methods%20include%20simple,a%20chance%20of%20being%20included

Meydan, C. H., & Akkaş, H. (2024). The role of triangulation in qualitative research. In

Advances in library and information science (ALIS) book series (pp. 101–132). https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3306-8.ch006

Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports. (2023). NATIONAL YOUTH POLICY AND

STRATEGY 2020-2035. https://www.kkbs.gov.bn/en/pages/Basics-National-Youth-Policy.aspx

Morcos, G. (2025). Concept, Components, and Contributions of Visual

Communication in Designing Corporate Identity. Scientific Journal

of Faculty of Fine Arts Alexandria University 13(1), 106–120. https://doi.org/10.21608/sjfa.2025.364285.1101

Müller, R. (2014). Generation Y Students’ product colour preferences. Mediterranean Journal of Social

Sciences. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n21p69

Nagy, L. B., & Temesi, Á. (2024). Color Matters: a study exploring the influence of packaging colors on

university students’ perceptions and willingness to pay for organic pasta. Foods, 13(19), 3112. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13193112

Northern Virginia Community College. (2025). Chapter 2: Communication and Perception.

In Communication in The Real World. Pressbooks. https://pressbooks.nvcc.edu/cst110hurley/chapter/self-concept-and-communication/

Nuresa, D. (2025). The psychology of color in business branding: how color influences

purchasing decisions. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 2(2). https://jujurnal.com/index.php/ajmr/article/view/62/59

Patel, M., Chauhan, R., Patel, H., Kalariya, K., & Soni, P. (2024). Packaging perception:

Unveiling consumer insights for brand success. Journal of Business Economics and Agribusiness, 1(3), 1–11. https://economics.pubmedia.id/index.php/jbea/article/download/296/233

Patil, D. (2012). Coloring consumer`s psychology using different shades the role of

perception of colors by consumers in consumer decision making process: a micro study of select departmental stores in Mumbai city, India. Journal of Business and

Retail Management Research (JBRMR)7(1). https://www.jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/i-16_c-135.pdf

Paul, M. (2022, June 10). Why Are BV So Important? (And How To Define Them). The Branding Journal.

https://www.thebrandingjournal.com/2022/06/brand-values/

Paul, S., Dutta, A., & Chakraborti, J. (2025). BRANDING THROUGH MARKETING

SEMIOTICS AND BRAND LOVE: AN EXPLORATIVE STUDY. Journal of Content Community and Communication, 23. https://doi.org/10.31620/jccc.12.25/05

Peterson, D. J., & Berryhill, M. E. (2013). The Gestalt Principle of Similarity Benefits Visual

Working Memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20(6), 10.3758/s13423-013-0460-x. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-013-0460-x

Piotrowski, C., & Armstrong, T. (2012). Color Red: Implications for Applied Psychology and

Marketing Research. PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION Ñ AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, 49((1-2)), 55–57. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283620916_Color_Red_Implications_for_Applied_Psychology_and_Marketing_Research

Raizada, S. (2012). Role of Colours in Consumer Preferences. International Journal of

Marketing and Technology, 2(4), 167. https://www.academia.edu/download/69953680/IJMRA_MT883.pdf

Radio Television Brunei. [@rtb.bn]. (2014). Radio Television Brunei. [Instagram Profile].

https://www.instagram.com/rtb.bn?igsh=MWRpZGo1dnc0MjEyYw==

Radio Television Brunei. (n.d.-a). Mission, Vision and Core Functions.

https://www.rtb.gov.bn/mission-vision-and-core-functions/

Radio Television Brunei. (n.d.-b). Overview | RTB. https://www.rtb.gov.bn/overview/

Rehman, A. U., & Elahi, Y. A. (2024). How semiotic product packaging, brand image,

perceived brand quality influence brand loyalty and purchase intention: a stimulus-organism-response perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 36(11), 3043–3060. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381176624_How_semiotic_product_packaging_brand_image_perceived_brand_quality_influence_brand_loyalty_and_purchase_intention_a_stimulus-organism-response_perspective

Rudrakumar, S., & Venkatraman, R. (2022). A semiotic analysis of Saussure and Barthes's

theories under the purview of print advertisements. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(1), 386–396. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360962592_A_semiotic_analysis_of_Saussure_and_Barthes's_theories_under_the_purview_of_print_advertisements

Safeer, A. A., Zhou, Y., Abrar, M., & Luo, F. (2022). Consumer Perceptions of Brand Localness and

Globalness in Emerging Markets: A Cross-Cultural Context. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 919020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.919020

Saraswati, P., & Devi, A. (2023). Mixed Methods-Research Methodology an Overview. Nursing and Health

Care, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.30654/mjnh.100024

Sawarkar, S., Dhagamwar, K., & Kumari, A. (2025). Shades of Influence: The Role of Colour in Shaping

Brand Perception and Marketing Outcomes. International Journal of Research Publication and

Reviews, 6(6), 10383–10389.

https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V6ISSUE6/IJRPR49061.pdf

Schivinski, B., Christodoulides, G., & Dabrowski, D. (2016). Measuring consumers’

engagement with Brand-Related Social-Media content. Journal of Advertising Research, 56(1), 64–80. https://doi.org/10.2501/jar-2016-004

Selvanathan, S., & Fadhil Wong Bin Abdullah, M. (2025). Comparative Study of the

Perception Black and White Logos and Colour Logos in Evoking Consumers’ Emotions. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(7). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i7/25811

Shagyrov, M., & Shamoi, P. (2024). Color and Sentiment: A Study of Emotion-Based Color

Palettes in Marketing. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.16064

Steiner, K., & Florack, A. (2023). The Influence of Packaging Color on Consumer Perceptions of

Healthfulness: A Systematic Review and Theoretical Framework. Foods, 12(21), 3911. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12213911

Stratton, S. J. (2023). Population Sampling: Probability and Non-Probability Techniques.

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 38(2), 147–148. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x23000304

Suardina, I. N., Wikarna, I. K. a. P., & Hartadi, M. G. (2023). Color identity of Jaya Fried

Chicken (JFC) franchise brand. Journal of Industrial Product Design Research and Studies, 2(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.17509/jipdrs.v2i1.56196

Taber, K. S. (2017). The use of Cronbach’s Alpha when developing and reporting research

instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2

Thelander, Å (2018). Visual Communication. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119010722.iesc0198

Ting, H., Memon, M. A., Thurasamy, R., & Cheah, J. (2025). Snowball Sampling: A review

and guidelines for survey research. Asian Journal of Business Research, 15(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.250186

Wang, X. (2024). Visual Communication and Branding: The role of graphic design in

building brand image and recognition. Highlights in Art and Design, 8(2), 19–22. https://doi.org/10.54097/qwy32g44

William, F. K. A. (2024). Mastering Validity and Reliability in Academic Research: Meaning

and Significance. International Journal of Research Publications, 144(1). https://doi.org/10.47119/ijrp1001441320246160

Won, S., & Westland, S. (2017). Product-specific colour meanings: A semiotic approach.

Journal of the International Colour Association, 18, 43–59. https://aic-color.org/resources/Documents/jaic_v18_04.pdf

Wu, C. S., & Chen, T. (2019). Building Brand’s Value: research on brand image, personality

and identification. International Journal of Management Economics and Social Sciences, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.32327/ijmess/8.4.2019.19

Yadav, R. T. (2022). Color psychology in consumer decision making: A strategic approach.

International Journal of Novel Research and Development, 7(9), 9–17. https://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2209223.pdf

Yakin, H. S. M., & Totu, A. (2014). The Semiotic Perspectives of Peirce and Saussure: A

Brief Comparative Study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 155, 4-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.247

Yu, C., Xie, S. Y., & Wen, J. (2020). Coloring the destination: The role of color psychology

on Instagram. Tourism Management, 80, 104110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104110

Zaiddi, S. Z. a. A., & Ismail, Z. A. (2023). Effectiveness of color in Gen Z’s Decision-

Making for Confectionery brands on social media. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ART AND DESIGN, 7(2), 87–100. https://doi.org/10.24191/ijad.v7i2.1056

Zhao, Y. (2023). Redefining ‘Sign’/‘Symbol’ and semiotics. Signs and Media, 2(1–2), 55–70.

https://doi.org/10.1163/25900323-12340022

Zutshi, A. (2025). Color, Emotion, and Perception: A Mixed-Methods Study on Social Media

Design and Youth Well-Being. The International Journal of Indian Psychology 13(3), https://ijip.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/18.01.157.20251303.pdf

V9N226-08

Downloads

Published

2026-07-30

How to Cite

Mustapa, A., & Suhaili , S. (2026). Bruneian Youths’ Perspectives on the Effectiveness of Branding Colour Choice in Radio Televisyen Brunei’s Social Media. SALTeL Journal (Southeast Asia Language Teaching and Learning), 9(2), 116–133. https://doi.org/10.35307/saltel.v9i2.187

Issue

Section

Articles

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.